Traditional contraceptives and indigenous knowledge systems. Okanlawon, reeves, and agbaje observe extensive misperceptions and false beliefs about contraceptives and their safety among refugee youth in a nigerian camp, which account, in part, for low use, unintended pregnancies, and school dropout for girls. Family planning awareness, perceptions and practice among. Nigeria is africa s most populous country, with a current population of approximately 193 million people which is equivalent to 2. Figure 41 contraceptive use among women aged 15 to 49 in five subsaharan regions in 2003 and 2014. This indicates that, 5% of currently married women are using one traditional method of family planning or another. Trends in traditional method use in asia, the middle east and north africa, latin.
The artificial methods that replaced the older methods have some serious drawbacks. Barrier methods are regarded with suspicion, as they are considered to be less. Like the rhythm method, the cervical mucus method of family planning works by predicting the days in which a woman is most fertile 2 3. The role of traditional contraceptive methods in family. Somalia is mainland africas easternmost country, and one whose coastline is the longest of any country on the mainland. Trends in method choice show that in many countries of the. Contraceptive practices among women in rural communities in southwestern nigeria. Adequate and correct knowledge about contraception. In 2015, less than half of total demand for family planning was being met with modern methods in 54 countries 34. Dec 18, 2018 all of these methods are hormonal and are not easily reversible, but fertility returns after discontinuation.
May 06, 2014 in february 2014, south africa began rolling out its latest contraception and family planning guidelines. Standard days method a modern family planning method. Three successful subsaharan africa family planning. Family planning uptake among married women improved from 39 per cent in 20082009 to 53 per cent in 2014. Family planning reinforces peoples rights to determine the number and spacing of their children. On the other hand, 30yearold genereti sadick firmly believes that modern family planning methods lead to barrenness. The family planning methods are easily available in health centre. Abortion, however, plays an important role in limiting fertility in different parts of the region, he added. The relevance and importance of traditional family planning methods in nigeria cannot be overemphasized. These modern methods, such as sterilization, hormonal methods and condoms, provide. Practice and intention to use long acting and permanent. Rumours about different methods of family planning persist because people do not have the correct information about these methods, the benefits and advantages of using the method and how the method works to prevent an unwanted or unintended pregnancy. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia ministry of health.
Traditional contraceptive methods tcms have been used by our ancestors for a long. Majority of the respondent heard about family planning from radio and discussed with their spouse for using contraceptive methods for data about family planning, it is found that user of pills,condom and depo provera as 56. Traditional birthspacing practices and uptake of family. Prbs 2019 family planning data sheet provides the latest estimates of family planning indicators for approximately 160 countries around the world.
Aug 14, 2017 several family planning methods predate the emergence of modern birth control. Traditional methods have a high failure rate compared with modern methods and are therefore not considered an effective mode of contraception. If you weigh more than 70kg and you choose to take ecp, you should ask if taking a double dose is the right option for you. Prevalence of modern and traditional family planning methods. Contraceptive practices among women in rural communities. However, in our study, a huge subregional divide was noted in. Africa, second edition 1999, published by united states department of health and human services, centers for disease control and prevention, national center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion, division of reproductive health, updated 2000, atlanta, georgia. We urgently need to deal more effectively with the challenges facing our country in terms of unacceptably. However, palmore and bulateo 1989 contend that in some countries users have shifted toward greater use of traditional methods.
It has been suggested that successful program strategies in africa must promote methods that are temporary, can be used covertly by women, and do not have to be stored at home. The use of traditional methods tends to be higher in settings where acceptance of family planning is low and family planning programs weak. Kenya is likely to achieve its 2020 target of 58 per cent by 2018. Years of conflict, drought, and famine have kept somalia in a state of crisis, and its population is. This is practicable in women with relatively regular cycles.
All of these methods are hormonal and are not easily reversible, but fertility returns after discontinuation. There is an estimated 140%600% return on investment in family planning methods due to health care savings and economic development. Rwanda and uganda have the highest unmet need for contraception rates. Contraceptive practices among women in rural communities in southwestern nigeria prevailing cultural and religious values.
The copper iud can be inserted up to five days after unprotected sex, and is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. Our reproductive function is being voluntarily adapted to dramatic new. This study examines the level of contraceptive use, its determinants, reasons for nonuse of contraception among women in the. If you weigh more than 70kg, the ecp is less effective and a copper iud is recommended. Use of traditional and modern contraceptives among. The private sector can complement public sector approachesas many of the higher mcprhigher gni countries are doingto help expand contraceptive. Traditional methods used in family planning and conception in. Adopting mbcm is a very complex sociological issue in africa, and african women draw on a complex social repertoire in making contraceptive choices. A similar underreporting of traditional methods was noted in the first large contraceptive surveys undertaken in western countries in the 1970s, at the time when modern contraceptive methods were first being. Modern family planning methods were generally known, with the pill being the most commonly mentioned method 81. Family planning myths, misconceptions the nation online.
Barrier methods, which prevent pregnancy by keeping the sperm from reaching the egg. Kenya on the verge of meeting family planning target the. Choosing a family planning method hesperian health guides. Modern methods of family planning include birth control, assisted reproductive technology and family planning programs. Natural family planning, or nfp, is the only option that is free and has no impact on health 1. Global family planning programs have been in existence in the developing world for several decades and are primarily designed to supply couples with the methods of family planning that best suit their needs. Although each community has its own sociocultural barriers to family planning, many of the same issues that exist in the drc are similar in other francophone subsaharan african countries.
Use of breastfeeding or lactational amenorrhoea method lam coitus interruptus withdrawal or pulling out method. The overall demand for family planning in all three countries has increased in recent years, and even with this increase, unmet need has declined steadily see figure 2. Family planning trends in developing countries family planning should not be looked upon in a narrow perspective as a measure to ease the world population problem. Myths and misconceptions about family planning the. If traditional contraceptive method use is classified as nonuse, the level of unmet need for modern family planning methods is estimated to be higher, at 33% among marriedinunion women fp2020 2015. Family planning contraception reduces the need for abortion, especially unsafe abortion. During ovulation, the consistency of cervical secretions will change to accommodate conception. There are three major classifications of natural family planning methods. A modern family planning method for thousands of years, couples have tried various techniques to avoid pregnancy. The role of traditional contraceptive methods in family planning.
This booklet describes some of the most common rumours and misconceptions about different methods of family planning. The rhythm method can be somewhat effective, but it requires careful recordkeeping and diligent adherence to the technique 2. Featured indicators include the percentage of married women using modern and traditional family planning methods, unmet need for family planning, use of modern contraception by wealth group, and demand for family. Surprisingly traditional kalenjin culture had effective family planning that was eventually displaced by christian teaching. As a result, sadick, from matumula village, gvh matumula in the same ta, has eight children. Family planning has been a great success story of our time. Family planning will be a permanent feature of the way of life of all succeeding generations on this planet. Family planning programmes in subsaharan africa have traditionally promoted hormonal contraception, namely oral contraceptive pills, injectibles, and implants. According to a study by donaldson and tsui 1990, the use of traditional methods is found among about 10 percent of married couples in developing countries. According to a study done by nwachukwu and obasi in nigeria in 2008, modern birth control methods were used by 30% of. Africa, second edition 1999, published by united states department of health and human services, centers for disease control and prevention, national center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion, division of.
Natural family planning nfp is the method that uses the bodys natural physiological changes and symptoms to identify the fertile and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle. It not only helps in deciding the number of children to have but also when to have and how to space their births. To make a good decision you must first learn about the different methods, and their advantages and disadvantages. While the use of more effective modern methods has been the trend, users in some countries have shifted toward greater use of other methods such as rhythm, withdrawal, abstinence and foam palmore and bulatao, 1989. Ability was represented by the percentage of women who knew about both contraceptive pills and injectables and where to seek family planning services. Pdf on jun, 2018, alhaji a aliyu and others published family planning. Traditional methods of family planning healthfully. In 2015, less than half of total demand for family planning was being met with modern methods in 54 countries 34 of which are in africa. Contraceptive use by method 2019 the united nations. Contraceptive practices among women in rural communities in. Traditional birthspacing practices and uptake of family planning. If traditional contraceptive method use is classified as nonuse, the level of unmet need for modern family planning methods is estimated to be higher, at 33% among married in union women fp2020 2015. Some contraceptive methods such as male condom, withdrawal and rhythm methods have been used for. In africa, 24% of women of reproductive age have an unmet need for modern contraception.
Factors affecting the utilization of family planning among. In simpler terms, traditional family planning involves periodic abstinence from sex. Such methods are also known as fertilitybased awareness methods. Who library cataloguinginpublication data a guide to family planning for community health workers and their clients. Nigeria is africas most populous country, with a current population of. C during and after ovulation, which is caused by the action. This chapter presents information on family planning worldwide, a profile of haiti,fertility and family planning in haiti, family planning initiatives, and the social ecological framework. It helped everyone recognize how families and family planning affect the health and life of people, especially the people of this continent. They are not meant to be used for ongoing contraception, in place of a regular method. As a contraceptive technique, abstinence is ultimately 100 percent effective and offers additional protection against sexually transmitted infections. The government of nigeria will partner with the private sector, civil society, traditional and religious institutions and development partners. Traditional methods of contraception are those methods which do not involve the. Family planning issues and challenges population summit of. Traditional methods have a high failure rate compared.
In africa, as many as one in five women have an unmet need for. Women typically breastfeed their babies for up to two years, which lengthens their period of amenorrhea, and in middle and west. Contemporary use of traditional contraception in sub. The article is based on a study that investigated traditional methods used in family planning and conception. A similar underreporting of traditional methods was noted in the. Some respondents harboured perceptions that family planning was the responsibility of females aloneand that it fuelled promiscuity among female users. In some cases, viable sperm may also appear in preejaculatory fluid, leading to an unplanned pregnancy. In regard to the use of modern methods of contraception, the united nations population fund unfpa says that, contraceptives prevent unintended pregnancies, reduce the number of abortions, and lower the incidence of death and. Chapter 25 family planning trends in subsaharan africa. For instance, the 2003 ndhs survey indic that, while percent of currently married women are using a method of family planning. Factors affecting family planning practice among women of. In study session 5 of the antenatal care module, you learnt about. Contraceptive methods used for fp can be grouped programmatically into two categories.
Saharan african governments demonstrated little enthusiasm for international offers of population and family planning assistance in the 1980s and 1990s may, this volume, and caldwell and caldwell emphasized the need to overcome strong cultural resistance to family planning. An indicator of progress in family planning adoption is the change in the type of contraceptive methods used by family planning acceptors. The use of traditional methods tends to be higher in settings where acceptance of family planning is low and use of family planning programs is weak. Trends, determinants, and dynamics of traditional contraceptivd. In malawi family planning methods used are the common modern methods.
The current total fertility rate in nigeria is estimated to be 5. Family planning issues and challenges population summit of the worlds scientific academies new delhi, october 2427, 1993. Different types of family planning methods how to adult. Family planning fp is a process that usually involves a discussion between a woman, a man, and a trained fp service provider focusing on family health and the desires of the couple to either limit or space their children. Contemporary use of traditional contraception in subsaharan africa clementinerossier. The methodstypes of traditional family planning in nigeria includes. These guidelines replace previous documents issued in 2001 and 2003. Different methods of family planning apt parenting.
The population division is the custodian agency of sdg indicator 3. Family planning involves the use of all techniques, practices, and medical devices that help a couple plan their family. Over the years, family planning programs have changed to meet the needs of the people. To this end, the couples especially the woman needs to be educated or aware of the methods she can use to determine her ovulation period. This issue of the journal seeks to accelerate interest in research on family planning services and uptake, and behavioral and population outcomes, by sharing findings from studies recently conducted on the continent and presented at the international family planning conference held in kampala, uganda, between november 15 and 18, 2009. The family planning method of the kalenjin mary mccallum family planning is an important issue in kenya. Traditional methods in international family planning dialogue. Read more these guidelines replace previous documents issued in 2001 and 2003. It thus seems especially important to consider the role of alternative means of birth control, including tradi tional contraceptive methods and periods of sexual. Contraceptive use has numerous health benefits such as preventing unplanned pregnancies, ensuring optimum spacing between births, reducing maternal and child mortality, and improving the lives of women and children in general. The following are some examples of sociocultural barriers to family planning in the democratic republic of the congo.
Natural family planning methods use the bodys natural physiological changes and symptoms to identify the infertile and fertile phases of the menstrual cycle. Pills and injectables were selected because they are the most common contraceptive methods among married or cohabitating couples in africa. Three successful subsaharan africa family planning programs. In uganda, ngos are trying to make contraceptives more available in rural areas. The guidelines also seek to increase demand for other previously available but unpopular contraceptive choices such as the copper intrauterine. Measures of the strength of family planning programmes based on expert opinion are available from john ross et al. According to the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, nfp requires learning the bodys cycles to.
Mar 27, 2020 natural family planning methods depend on the awareness and ability of the couple to identify the fertile and infertile phases of each menstrual cycle. In regard to the use of modern methods of contraception, the united nations population fund unfpa says that, contraceptives prevent unintended pregnancies, reduce the number of abortions, and lower the incidence of death and disability related to. In lowincome countries, women tend to adopt postpartum family planning methods only after the resumption of sexual intercourse or their menses. Some family planning methods, such as condoms, help prevent the transmission of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections. National contraception and fertility planning policy and. Once you have decided to use family planning, you must choose a method.
Nigerias commitments include training frontline health workers to deliver a range of contraceptives and action to improve equity and access to family planning for the poorest. Family planning child spacing is defined as a conscious effort by a couple to limit or space the number of children. Years of conflict, drought, and famine have kept somalia in a state of crisis, and its population is expected to triple by 2050. Level of awareness of family planning was high 96% an overwhelming majority of respondents stated that they would recommend family planning to other women 96% more than half of the women in this study have never used a family planning method n, 52% only 2 out of 5 women educated at the tertiary level has used. National contraception and fertility planning policy and service delivery guidelines department of health now, more than ever, the successful implementation of this policy is of critical importance. The sooner they are taken, the more effective they are. Subsaharan africa is the only region in which injectables are. These methods are also referred to as fertilitybased awareness methods. Effective contraceptive practice requires adequate and correct information about methods. Traditional contraceptives and indigenous knowledge. Increased use of family planning leads to economic development because women are more likely to work and their children are more likely to be healthy and educated.